Astragalus hakkianus a new species of Astragalus (Fabaceae) from N.W. Iran

A new species of the genus Astragalus, namely A. hakkianus Bagheri, Maassoumi & Rahimin. is described and illustrated from NW Iran. It is most closely related to A. peresh­khoranicus Maassoumi & F. Ghahrem. and A. chehreganii Zarre & Podlech. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

稀土元素对短叶对齿藓生理生化的研究

通过测定分析3个主要生理指标过氧化物酶（POD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量和叶绿素含量的变化,研究了短叶对齿藓组培苗在6个不同浓度梯度的轻稀土La³⁺,Ce⁴⁺和重稀土Y³⁺单一元素胁迫下的生理响应和变化。结果如下：（1）短叶对齿藓体内的过氧化物酶（POD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量各处理组均低于对照组;Ce⁴⁺元素在3.55×10^-2 mmol·L^-1时显著提高了POD活性,在7.1×10^-2 mmol·L^-1时显著增加了膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量。表明短叶对齿藓对Ce⁴⁺元素胁迫响应较强;而La³⁺元素各处理浓度间POD的变化较为平缓,胁迫响应较弱;Y³⁺处理居中。（2）较低浓度的La³⁺（1.8×10^-2 mmol·L^-1）和Ce⁴⁺（3.55×10^-2 mmol·L^-1）时显著提高叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量;3种稀土元素在较高浓度时叶绿素的含量均有明显下降。本研究为进一步探明白云鄂博稀土矿区的苔藓植物生长发育受稀土元素的影响奠定了基础。     

中国百里香草原的分布、群落特征和分类

百里香(Thymus mongolicus)草原是以唇形科小半灌木百里香为建群种的草原类型。该文以编写《中国植被志》为契机, 结合2015-2017年生长季野外调查数据和文献资料, 对中国百里香草原的分布、生态特征、群落特征和分类等进行了总结。结果表明: (1)百里香草原主要分布于辽河上游西拉木伦河流域的黄土丘陵、河北西北部坝上高原、阴山山脉两翼低山丘陵、鄂尔多斯高原东部和黄土高原北部, 常分布在水蚀风蚀强烈的黄土丘陵和砾石质化基质的坡地。(2)根据91个样地记录统计, 百里香草原组成物种较丰富, 有种子植物167种, 隶属于34科101属, 以菊科、豆科和禾本科为主; 其中有8种半灌木和小半灌木, 112种多年生杂类草; 水分生态类型以典型旱生植物(58种)和中旱生植物(45种)为主; 区系地理成分以东古北极成分(70种)和东亚成分(46种)为主。(3)根据生活型和优势度, 百里香草原可以划分为百里香、半灌木/小半灌木群丛组, 百里香群丛组, 百里香、丛生禾草群丛组, 百里香、根茎禾草群丛组, 百里香、薹草群丛组, 百里香、杂类草群丛组, 共计6个群丛组28个群丛。     

基于3S的京津风沙源治理工程区植被覆盖和气候要素变化分析

为分析评估京津风沙源治理工程区植被覆盖和气候要素变化,收集工程实施前、后各时期工程区域土地利用类型数据、MODIS产品植被覆盖(NDVI)数据和气象站点月值数据,利用最小二乘法拟合分析工程区NDVI和蒸散时空变化规律;利用MK非参数检验分析区域气候要素时空变化格局.结果表明(1)近25年来工程区土地利用类型变化不大,植...     

Accumulation of cadmium, zinc, and copper by Helianthus annuus L.: impact on plant growth and uptake of nutritional elements

We investigated the effects on physiological response, trace elements and nutrients accumulation of sunflower plants grown in soil contaminated with: 5 mg kg(-1) of Cd; 5 and 300 mg kg(-1) of Cd and Zn, respectively; 5, 300, and 400 mg kg(-1) of Cd, Zn, and Cu, respectively. Contaminants applied did not produce large effects on growth, except in Cd-Zn-Cu treatment in which leaf area and total dry matter were reduced, by 15%. The contamination with Cd alone did not affect neither growth nor physiological parameters, despite considerable amounts of Cd accumulated in roots and older leaves, with a high bioconcentration factor from soil to plant. By adding Zn and then Cu to Cd in soil, significant were the toxic effects on chlorophyll content and water relations due to greater accumulation of trace elements in tissues, with imbalances in nutrients uptake. Highly significant was the interaction between shoot elements concentration (Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mg, K, Ca) and treatments. Heavy metals concentrations in roots always exceeded those in stem and leaves, with a lower translocation from roots to shoots, suggesting a strategy of sunflower to compartmentalise the potentially toxic elements in physiologically less active parts in order to preserve younger tissues.     

More than 1000 ultraconserved elements provide evidence that turtles are the sister group of archosaurs

We present the first genomic-scale analysis addressing the phylogenetic position of turtles, using over 1000 loci from representatives of all major reptile lineages including tuatara. Previously, studies of morphological traits positioned turtles either at the base of the reptile tree or with lizards, snakes and tuatara (lepidosaurs), whereas molecular analyses typically allied turtles with crocodiles and birds (archosaurs). A recent analysis of shared microRNA families found that turtles are more closely related to lepidosaurs. To test this hypothesis with data from many single-copy nuclear loci dispersed throughout the genome, we used sequence capture, high-throughput sequencing and published genomes to obtain sequences from 1145 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and their variable flanking DNA. The resulting phylogeny provides overwhelming support for the hypothesis that turtles evolved from a common ancestor of birds and crocodilians, rejecting the hypothesized relationship between turtles and lepidosaurs.